Biomedical scences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Biomedical scences - Essay ExampleD is inherited as the Mendelian dominant trait while d is inherited as the recessive trait. The RBCs which bear the D and Dd isotypes are referred to as Rh+ individuals and persons having the d isotype are referred to as Rh- individuals. Almost all of the Rh+ people have the D isotype and similarly the Rh- individuals have the d isotype. When the Rh+ inventory is transfused to an Rh- person then anti-Rh factor lead develop in the patients blood inside 12 days. If on that point is a second transfusion of the same blood (Rh+ blood) to that person then cross reaction with Rh factor and anti-Rh factor will motive agglutination reactions starring(p) to hemolytic diseases of adults and newborn. If the mother is rhesus monkey negative and the fetus is rhesus positive (the RBC contains Rhesus antigen inherited from a rhesus positive father), then antibodies will be formed against the rhesus antigen (in the fetus) and will cross the placenta and enter th e mothers blood. In the first pregnancy there will be no issues but during the second pregnancy these antibodies will cross the placenta and cross react with the Rhesus antigens of the fetus carried during the second pregnancy and cause agglutination reactions. This will cause erythroblastosis fetalis leading to hemolytic anemia and sometimes deposition of unconjugated bilirubin (derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin from the lysis of RBCs) in the basal ganglia leading to neural deficits (Chatterjee, 2004).2. All the six Rh agglutinogens namely the C, c, D, d, E and e are involved in the hemolytic reactions and are of the delayed type. Although routine blood group tests has eliminated the risk of compatibility of RhD isotype but the other isotypes may lead to sensitization in cases of diseases like sickle cell anemia. This disease is prevalent in blacks who usher the E antigen and hence produce the anti-E agglutinins which lead to difficulties of donor selection in them for tran sfusion purposes as in sickle